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Heat stress in poultry is closely linked to temperature-humidity index (THI). A THI-based early warning model enables farms to act before birds suffer.
The model defines four risk levels: THI < 74 (safe), 74–78 (caution), 79–83 (danger), and > 83 (emergency). Each threshold triggers specific actions—from increasing ventilation to activating cooling pads and adjusting feed schedules.
Field application on 20,000-bird houses showed that using graded alerts reduced heat-related mortality by 25–30% and improved feed intake during hot spells. The system integrates with standard environmental controllers and requires only temperature and humidity sensors.
This practical, low-cost tool turns climate data into actionable farm decisions, making it valuable for tropical and subtropical regions.


Poultry farm automation is becoming increasingly relevant as commercial farms seek greater efficiency, consistency, and better resource management. Automated feeding, drinking, ventilation, manure removal, and climate-control systems can reduce repetitive manual work and support more standardized daily operations. However, automation decisions should be based on farm scale, housing design, climate, production objectives, energy use, and…
Effective biosecurity starts with a clear layout. Separate clean and dirty zones clearly. The entry point should include a changing room, footbath, and hand sanitizer. Place sealed fences around the farm to prevent wild birds and rodents from entering. Design a one-way flow: workers move from office to changing room to house, never backward. Vehicles…
Extreme heat events threaten poultry health and productivity. Smart environmental control systems employ variable-frequency fans (VFFs) and multi-stage cooling linkage to respond effectively. VFFs automatically adjust speed based on real-time temperature, providing low airflow during mild heat and maximum speed during heatwaves. This saves energy while maintaining bird comfort. Multi-stage cooling activates sequentially: first, tunnel…

Stocking density is a critical management factor affecting animal welfare, environmental control efficiency, and production performance in commercial poultry farming. During seasonal temperature changes, maintaining the appropriate bird density becomes increasingly important because heat production from flocks directly influences the internal climate of poultry houses. A seasonal stocking density adjustment model evaluates the relationship between…