El Niño events alter temperature and humidity patterns, affecting energy use in poultry houses. In temperate zones, unexpected cold spells increase heating demand, raising carbon emissions. Subtropical farms face longer hot periods, intensifying ventilation and cooling pad operation, which spikes electricity consumption. Tropical regions experience extreme humidity, forcing fans and dehumidifiers to run longer.

These shifts increase the carbon footprint by 15–30% during El Niño years compared to neutral years. To mitigate this, energy‑efficient climate control systems—such as variable‑speed fans and solar‑assisted cooling—can reduce grid dependency. Installing photovoltaic panels and biogas recovery from manure further lowers net emissions. Adaptive management, including real‑time energy monitoring and predictive control, helps farms maintain low carbon intensity despite climate variability.

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